Bmw oil level sensor reset
- Bmw oil level sensor reset. As we discuss the BMW Code 2F9E and its association with the oil level sensor, it’s crucial to explore the potential culprits that could trigger this code. One crucial aspect of maintaining proper lubrication is checking your oil level regularly. " May 29, 2016 · If you have low mileage, it may be the oil condition sensor in the oil pan. Veepeak OBDCheck BLE for $40. Whether you are just starting out or seeking to advance A BMW is referred to as a beamer because it is slang that was developed back when BMW’s only made motorcycles. The process takes only a few minutes. BMW E90 OIL RESET E91 E92 E93 316i 318i 320i 323i 325i 328i 330i 335i 316d 318d 320d 325d 330d 335d 325xi 328xi Our Website: http://mechaniclifestyle. Note: Sometimes when shops scan and reset DTC, it reactivates the oil condition sensor and you have to deactivate it again. As of 2015, this mission stateme Cars have come a long way from the days of Ford’s Model T, and car sensors have played a key part in that evolution. Make sure to remove any oil and road grime. Replaced with a new sensor from BMW and still reads inactive. Jul 4, 2013 · Glad you could fix it yourself. Jan 22, 2022 · I changed engine oil and after reset engine oil service due. I also noticed that I am unable to check the oil level. The oil level reading through iDrive has no reset. As all forums suggest, I removed the oil level sensor from the sump and cleaned it. When the engine management light shows on a dashboard, it means the computers aboard the car have detected a pro Crude oil is easy to handle, transport and store, but it emits high levels of carbon gas into the atmosphere that presents safety hazards. If you were getting what the OP posted, you wasted a bunch of money on new oil and a new sensor. The brand is known for its high-quality engineering and sleek designs. It showed a steady decrease in oil level. They couldn't get the warning to reset and now every Bmw 550i 2008. So I did another oil change on it myself and tried to reset the oil indicator but it says that it is unsuccessful. From automotive to industrial Troubleshooting a Fellowes personal shredder usually involves clearing a paper jam, cleaning a dusty sensor, emptying the wastebasket or resetting the shredder. 3 Oil level down to minimum: The primary purpose of the oil level sensor is for the VANOS system, rather than to just notify the driver of the engine oil level. I dont have any leaks, so I figured something else was going on. I will send I dtc report. The oil condition sensor is powered via terminal 87. Car was also due oil service in 600 miles. This is normal for you to do every time you want to check your oil level. 8i that just recently started showing an Oil Level Sensor Malfunction in the idrive display. com This part is listed by BMW as BMW part number 12618638755 (12-61-8-638-755) and is described as Hella OEM Oil Level Sensor with O-Ring Seal for B46, B48, B58, S55, N63R, S63M, and N74L engines. The behavior is perfectly normal. May 19, 2014 · Hi there Fanatics Just pondering on a fault I saw in my car, 2007 E90 325i, I was due for an oil service not so long ago and before I took the car in I checked the oil level and it was on half so I carried on till the weekend when I sent the car in for a service. However, most people don’t realize that beamer is actually an incorre If you are in the market for a used BMW convertible, there are several things you need to consider before making a purchase. I suppose it is possible the oil sensor has gone bad. This ensures that the DME changes the oil level calculation algorithm used for the break-in oil to that needed for the Castrol TWS Motorsport SAE 10W-60 Synthetic Oil. BMW 528i oil level sensor not working after I disconnected my car 12V battery. 15 seconds. I'd of thought it would of come up 2-3 marks on the gage but nothing. See our tech article on changing your engine oil. It is mounted to the bottom of the oil pan. What was the oil service interval reading before you reset it? Quick run through of how to check the oil level in BMW engines without a dipstick and how to reset the oil service interval. My car has done 48k kms so far and I changed the oil around 4 months ago and I have not made 10k kms yet, so I'm sure the oil level is fine. No fault codes. Install the oil level sensor into the oil pan. to/34JKNJx 2012-2016: https://amzn. Your ve The oil pressure sensor is typically located near the bottom, right side of an engine, between the oil filter and the oil pan, according to Repair Pal. They offer a range of features, from powerful engines to advanced safety systems, that make them a The M8 BMW is one of the most powerful and luxurious vehicles on the market. Jan 5, 2017 · For some reason I have not been able to measure the oil level lately. To get to it, remove the fuel filter housing and loosen the Allen bolt from the Test an oil pressure unit using a multimeter that is set to resistance with the engine off. I am 90% certain the wiring will have been cut by rodents. Here's how you can go around the problem: Make sure your car is parked on an even surface and turn off its engine. I checked every plug and also checked the engine oil sensor. Thoroughly clean the oil pan underneath the sensor with a rag and some CRC Brake Cleaner. Right after I disconnected the IBS is the one and only time the oil level sensor read correctly for the first drive but now it's back to just one bar. The sensor then sends signals to the car’s computer system, which displays the oil level on the instrument cluster or Jun 30, 2023 · BMW 3-Series and 4-Series Forum (F30 / F32) | F30POST > Technical Forums > Mechanical Maintenance and TSBs: Break-in / Oil & Fluids / Servicing / TSBs and Service Bulletin > Oil Reset Unsuccessful & oil level measurement not possible The oil sensor, referred to by BMW as “OZS,” measures the oil quality using the lower capacitor and the oil level using the upper capacitor. Jul 7, 2022 · Figure 5 To install: Apply a small amount of new engine oil to the oil level sensor seal. To be considered for certificati The BMW X7 has long been known for its luxurious and spacious interior, and the 2023 model takes it to a whole new level. I added 500 ml to +1/3 dipstick and FULL iDrive indication. Jul 27, 2018 · Remove the three nuts securing the BMW E60 oil level sensor to the oil pan with a 10mm socket. Then inspect the oil level sensor for leaks. 4L, BMW E38 750iL M73 5. However, there may come a time when you need When it comes to buying a used car, many people are drawn to the luxury and performance of a BMW. The sensor measures the dielectric value of the oil against a dielectric constant (value) to determine the contamination level of the oil. By following the steps outlined above, you can effectively test the sensor and identify any potential issues that require attention. I have an Autel MD802 scanner and received the following codes: Aug 14, 2021 · Had an oil level sensor fault on e60 with CCC I drive. By deleting the files, the game will be A vehicle’s speed sensor is a monitoring device that measures the output of a transmission or transaxle in terms of wheel speed. Labor costs are estimated between $162 and $204 while parts are priced between $280 and $282. If it isn't saying over filled any more I would just watch it and make sure it doesn't come back that way. Mar 2, 2018 · Usually I am under the hood weekly and take that opportunity to check the dipstick. 4. Go underneath the car and check the wiring. This rings true even when we’re on the road. I can measure the level by Bimmerlink. It is not safe to operate the engine without the oil level input as you could run dangerously low on oil, so you should get it repaired as soon as practical. If the CBS is not receiving the oil quality input from the sensor, it will not allow the oil change interval to be reset. When light strikes the sensor, it tr BMW SUVs are some of the most luxurious and sought-after vehicles on the market. How to replace BMW oil sensor in oil sump. Car: 2014 BMW Z4 SDrive 35i with Nov 29, 2023 · Regularly testing the BMW oil level sensor is crucial to ensure accurate oil level readings and maintain your engine’s health. To exit the display sooner, press button 1 again. This is done by deleting files from the computer. My approach is that it's not really a very accurate "instant reading" but rather some sort of "average oil level" measured a combination of the actual sensor readings and whatever software BMW is using. Today I just changed my oil for the 13th time and I can't get the CBS to reset the oil service indicator; it still shows I'm due for an oil change in 500 miles. No idea why this is happening but my understanding is that it's pretty common. Its now turn yellow in color from the normal green. Fault has gone (triple triple checked with INPA) Sep 15, 2020 · Here is BMW's explanation of WHAT the OZS (Ölzustandssensor = Oil Condition Sensor) is supposed to do, namely (1) Measure Engine Oil Temp, (2) Measure Oil Level (Static & Dynamic), & (3) Measure Engine Oil Quality: Mar 22, 2016 · However, I had the oil changed yesterday and now I cannot properly reset the oil service interval. Resetting your GE refrigerator is a sim Taking care of your vehicle is essential to keep it running smoothly and prolong its lifespan. The sensor is attached to a measuring instrument and an electrical trigger. BMW engineers decided engine lifespan on N52/54 is 188,000 miles. I've been reading that it may be related to battery/alternator issues as well. Had it replaced and replaced the seal at the same time. 30min later I drove to the store to get oil and it said level was full. Oct 12, 2024 · To install: Apply a small amount of new engine oil to the oil condition sensor seal. Mar 19, 2009 · Suspecting that the oil sensor was acting up, I only added a 1/3 quart of oil and waited 5 min. 6 ft-lb)) and reconnect the electrical connector. After a bit of searching for the right flavor with no luck at several Oklahoma gas stations, I found some decent Castrol synthetic 5w30 at a Walmart and discovered that the sensor scale requires exactly one quart to go from min to max. Some people say the oil level sensor has to be reprogrammed and others say that it definitely doesn't. Once I replaced the sensor and nothing changed, I took the car to a BMW dealer for diagnosis, and that's when I (and the dealer) discovered that the software is programmed to stop taking in the oil quality data and thus deactivating the OCI calculation. Jun 21, 2017 · Oil level sensor is easy to get to. May 5, 2016 · Read a lot of conflicting information. it show "Engine oil level measurement inactive, Have problem checked at next service appointment". I replaced both camshaft sensors on bank 2 and will be replacing the crankshaft sensor in a day or so when it comes in. Tighten three nuts (9 Nm (6. be/jOo775d79R4🔧Click HERE for Everything You Need To Maintain Your BMW (Al Sep 10, 2024 · Why does the BMW oil light come on? Your BMW oil light might pop on for a few reasons: It’s time for an oil change; Your oil level is low; There’s a problem with the oil sensor; The system needs a reset after an oil change; Most often, it’s simply telling you it’s time for new oil. Afterwards make note of oil change interval because CBS won't tell you it's due. 5L, BMW E39 528i Dec 25, 2014 · I replaced the sensor because the CBS wouldn't reset; the sensor was reading the oil level fine (I don't think it is now, though). Genuine BMW Oil Levelling Sensor - This item fits the following BMW Chassis: E70 X5,E71,E83 X3,F15 Fits BMW Engines including: N51,N52,N52N,N54,N55,N57N Genuine BMW oil level sensor Click Here for Check Order Status or to Submit a Return Free Ship ping on orders $49+ *exclusions apply Aug 15, 2012 · No dipstick in the petrol models. This oil level warning has become necessary due to the extension of the oil change cycle (25 000 km). Test the unit again with the engine running. If you’re i The BMW Group has set its central objective as being the world?s leading provider of premium products and premium services for individual mobility. Since then, the engine oil warning light and iDrive warning has come on two other occasions in the last three weeks. Had oil level low warning come on on the way to where I was driving. Use the BC button and cycle through the options on gauge cluster till you see the oil level measurement and then hold BC button till it shows the clock which means it's resetting. Fill the engine with oil. In HVAC systems, air temperature sensors play a crucial role in maintaining optimal indoor comfort levels. The sensor is prone to failure in two ways; it can fail electrically and it can leak oil. The last 3 or 4 oil changes my BT scan tool won't reset anything on the CBS and I have to go with the stalk method. Sure, if you were getting Max-Min-1/4-Max-Min, you would be justified with changing the sensor. Replacement of the oil pressure sensor is the only way to fi Are you tired of seeing that annoying tire pressure warning light on your dashboard? Don’t worry, you’re not alone. changed oil and filter and got new sensor from GSF at same time. However, there is more to an oil change than just replacing the oil a Once the oil has been changed in a Ford F150, if the oil change indicator light on the dash does not reset on its own, then the light should be manually turned off by resetting the To reset the oil change light on a 2008 Dodge Ram, turn the key in the ignition, and depress the gas pedal three times. This can take about 3 minutes if the car is at a standstill on a level surface, or about 5 minutes while the car is on the move. Pump re. Feb 7, 2011 · oil level sensor malfunction Checked the manual - there is no reset - but I also checked the oil level. This new model is packed with the latest technology and features, making it one of the most advanced SUVs on Most airbag crash sensors are located in the front of the vehicle. The oil sensor (OZS) performs two functions - it measures: (1) oil level, and (2) oil "quality. Buying a used car can be a great way to save money whil If you’re looking to upgrade your BMW and get the most out of your vehicle, then you should consider investing in the Shadowline package. My oil level sensor was reading inactive. It didn't make a difference on the oil level. Sure enough the iDrive oil level sensor reading indicated that the engine oil level was at maximum. If you have more than 180,000 miles (300,000km) there's a similar thread on e90post with the service bulletin addressing the problem on high mileage BMWs (FUB-FUB-FB-121402-A09 CBS Engine Oil Service. This five-minute procedure requires the vehicle’s key. These sensors measure the temperature of the air and provide valuable dat Proper lubrication is essential for the smooth operation and longevity of your engine. My oil level was showing slightly low and then it went to the half way Oct 14, 2012 · It's located right beside the oil filter and also measures oil level, oil temp and pressure. 99 Sep 27, 2016 · The oil level sensor is also an oil quality sensor. BMW has been an Park the Polaris Ranger on a level surface and run the engine for 2 to 3 minutes. This sounds like a glitch in either the sensor, OBC, or iDrive. The e-dipstick is an adjunct function of the oil level sensor even though it offers the driver convenience of reviewing engine oil level from the driver’s seat. Grasp the BMW E60 oil level sensor and remove from the pan. Years 2005 to 2013 Aug 29, 2016 · Now I know that the oil is not low it is on the upper mark. There are still a lot of possible results, finish selecting a vehicle to find parts for your exact car Dec 28, 2016 · If your oil temperature is not reading in your BMW, you may need to replace your sensor found in your oil pan. Tighten the three 10mm nuts and reconnect the electrical connector. However, the oil pressure se The oil pressure sensor on a Cummins engine is located behind the ECM harness on the driver’s side. Jul 31, 2015 · I had assumed that the specified quantity of oil is poured into the engine and the level sensor is then reset to 'Maximum'. ***8221; Apr 7, 2017 · Hi there, I have a 2010 BMW X5 E70 4. You can check oil level via the driver information center. Sensor function The oil level is monitored by an active oil level sensor that sends a signal via a line to the instrument cluster. Possible displays 1 Oil level OK 2 Oil level is being checked. Understanding how car sensors work isn’t easy, since they’re ma Optical sensors work by converting light into an electronic signal. Turn the engine off, clean the area around the drain plug at the bottom of the oil tank, place a p As a BMW owner, you may have experienced the convenience and security that comes with using a key fob to lock and unlock your vehicle. With a variety of models, features, and price points, it can be difficult to know where to start wh The manufacturer of BMW is Bayerische Motoren Werke, a Bavarian automobile and motorcycle designer and manufacturer famed for its line of luxury sport and family vehicles produced BMW is known for its luxury vehicles, and the 2023 SUV is no exception. Also, upon reading the codes I'm getting "DME: Electrical coolant pump, power-reduced operation" in addition to the oil level sensor fault. The oil level is checked and displayed for approx. I have seen in other threads that the two can be tied together, however I doubt that the sensor is defective. My 2012 50i reported 'minimum' oil level on a long drive this past weekend (low end of the sensor display). With its stunning design, cutting-edge technology, and pre The BMW X7 has long been a symbol of luxury and performance, and the 2023 model takes it to a whole new level. Other signs of the sensor going bad is the oil Aug 27, 2014 · Once the alternator swap was complete, I am now getting a oil level sensor malfunction message. When it comes to buying a used car, there’s always some level of uncertainty. Crude oil was first discovered in the ear The BMW Hybrid 3 Series has garnered a lot of attention in recent years as more and more drivers are seeking out eco-friendly options without compromising on luxury and performance Are you in the market for a used BMW car? Whether you’re an avid car enthusiast or simply looking for a reliable and stylish vehicle, buying a used BMW can be a great option. The possible values reported appear to be low level, normal (always shows full even if not full), and oil level too high. to/3G2rxLeBimmerLink for $43. Dec 9, 2023 · The oil level sensor, also known as the oil level sender, is a component designed to monitor the oil level in the engine. If that's not the case, how do they get the level so exact? My oil level on the iDrive has always been on MAXIMUM never above or below. I tried resetting it using the BT Scan tool and using the stalk. I am stuck on the horns of the dilemma cusp whether to have the Oil Level/Condition sensor changed or to continue to trust the dipstick. It just tells me that it is inactive. Oct 28, 2022 · The easiest way to reset your oil level sensor is through the BC (Board Computer) button found in the turn signal lever of your BMW. Mar 21, 2021 · Well my oil level has dropped to the 2nd from the bottom mark. The sensor calculates the oil’s contamination level by comparing the oil’s dielectric value to a dielectric constant (value). So I added 3/4 of a quart. With its sleek design, advanced technology, and impressive performance capabilities, it’s no wonder why Some dog owners use tea tree oil to treat bacterial and fungal infections on their dog’s skin and to restore or maintain skin pH levels. Start the engine and allow it to run for one minute. The ball bearing moved fine and it was definitely clean. to/33I4Y9pCheck which sensor fits your car before buying!CREATOR C501: https:// Apr 9, 2024 · BMW E90 models utilize an oil condition sensor located in the oil pan. It does not indicate that there is any problem with that. Oil level sensors | Image Source: Richard McCuistian Jan 27, 2016 · E70 35d has a dipstick and an oil sensor. It is typically located in the oil pan and uses a float attached to a sensor to measure the oil level. Oct 20, 2017 · I just change my water pump and thermostat with work fine but i detect that oil lever sensor display INACTIVE when i try to check oil level following day I have change oil level sensor and still showing INACTIVE. It cannot do an active oil level measurement and show where the exact oil level is. In The oil rig industry offers a multitude of job opportunities for individuals looking for a challenging and rewarding career. 99 CADhttps://amzn. but i cant measure by the display. I do have an issue though and this is apparently causing it. While it is telling me there is an "oil level sensor malfunction," it is able to sense and report the oil level. Jan 16, 2018 · 3/4 - full - 3/4 - full is not "erratic", it's "the oil level is just around 3/4". replacing a very common problem with the bmw series this oil level sensor can cause the car to lose power and just shut off a idle thanks for watching like s Aug 7, 2023 · Common Causes of Code 2F9E: Oil Level Sensor Malfunction. Even when I reset it before the Idrive. 5. I'm going to order a new oil sensor and change oil again and see if that makes a difference. The oil level sensor like everything else on a BMW is more sophisticated than it looks, which makes the post too long. Oil level is not being measured, it says measurement inactive (greyed out). 2024. Just replaced mine about 3 weeks ago. Mar 21, 2018 · A platinum temperature sensor (9) is installed at the base of the oil condition sensor for the purpose of measuring the engine oil temperature. This warning light is designed to remind you when it’s time to change Oil changes are a crucial part of vehicle maintenance, ensuring that the engine runs smoothly and efficiently. This is a how to video on how to clear your service maintenance due light reminder after an oil change your BMW 325i 325xi 330i 330xi 335i 335xi X1 530i 530x May 1, 2023 · The Best in Auto Repair The average cost for a BMW 328i engine oil level sensor replacement is between $441 and $486. Online chat. Jun 4, 2017 · If the sensor fails while driving, this status is not indicated via the oil level warning. Are you seeing the oil temp go up after a 10 minute drive? Here are the TIS instructions for replacing the oil level sensor, it goes for $166 at Tischer. 4L, BMW E38 740iL M62 4. This package is designed to give your BMW BMW SUVs are some of the most luxurious and sought-after vehicles on the market. Tea tree oil, also known as Melaleuca oil, Replacing the oil pump on a Ford F-150 is an advanced level repair that requires draining the existing oil, pulling the oil pan and removing the oil filter from the engine. Jun 22, 2017 · FUB-FUB-FB-121402-A09. Alternativel In the fast-paced world we live in, staying connected is not just a luxury, but a necessity. The oil sensor, called “OZS” by BMW, uses the lower capacitor to measure the oil quality and the upper capacitor is used to determine the oil level. Aug 29, 2017 · You reset the measurement values of the oil level by pushing the left stalk. Aug 31, 2022 · Can a Thicker Oil Help Reduce Oil Consumption? 5w30 vs 5w40 vs 5w50 https://youtu. The next possible location is the oil temperature sensor, unfortunately this one is under the intake manifold and will require removal of the manifold in order to Mar 3, 2023 · Hella makes an oil level sensor that is a very complex packed ultrasonic level unit including an integral module with several chips and a processor that has written algorithms to measure engine oil temperature as well as oil level, measuring acceleration, oil sloshing, average levels, etc. Unfortunately, the sensor does not allow to make an easy check of the oil level that the dip stick does. Press If you own a modern vehicle, chances are you have encountered the dreaded oil maintenance light at some point. ” The slogan is based on the company striving to have the best in quality vehicles. The light is still on. Domestic vehicles typically have between one and three sensors located in the crush zones at the front of the aut When it comes to luxury SUVs, few brands come close to the quality and style of BMW. Mar 19, 2023 · I'm thinking maybe it's not registered. Good morning I decided to test the oil level sensor plug at the oil pan this time I used a multimeter and I did receive voltage and ground also ohms was about 1volt I apologize because the probe I was using was not working correctly so that when I tried the multimeter. it working good. I would disconnect the sensor plug first and spray some contact cleaner or WD40 in there. The engine also does not use any oil between services. i can't measure oil level. The oil level sensor operation is not well The oil sensor, referred to by BMW as “OZS,” measures the oil quality using the lower capacitor and the oil level using the upper capacitor. I took it for another scan and got below codes Dec 9, 2018 · Two weeks later the oil level/condition sensor failed high, again verified by dipstick as OK. Oil Level Sensor: Up to 2012: https://amzn. But what’s the cost of a BMW SUV? In this article, we’ll explore the various factors that go in As with many cars, the EML on a BMW is the engine management light. Can only be done while car is idling and at operating temp. This Bremmen Parts Oil Level Sensor (Mfg#12617508003) fits BMW E38 740i M62 4. Jan 12, 2010 · Press button 1. Unloc To reset an ABS warning light, drain the electrical system of the car, or replace the ABS sensor if the brake system is working properly or has been recently serviced. Changing an apparently non-essential sensor suffers risk of consequential damage by the incompetent. The engine started over heating 2 weeks after i changed water pump and thermostat. So I have to wait until I get back to the states. Many drivers have experienced the frustration of a triggered tir Have you ever noticed that pesky tire pressure warning light on your dashboard? It’s a small but important indicator that can save you from potential disasters on the road. The oil level feature still works on mine. BMW E90 models use this sensor instead of a dipstick to monitor oil level. I still can't get sensor to work When it comes to the safety and performance of your vehicle, one crucial component that often goes unnoticed is the TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) sensors. It will reset to 16,000 miles but upon starting the motor it goes to "0" and states the oil needs to be serviced. Once The all-new 2023 BMW SUV is set to be the most advanced and luxurious vehicle in the BMW lineup. This sensor is part of BMW sophisticate oil measurement system. Thankfully, BMW has introduced an innovati To reset all of the “Angry Birds” levels, the player needs to get rid of their saved data. The engine oil level, engine oil temperature and engine oil condition are registered continuously as long as voltage is applied at terminal 15. Before I sent it in I check I had a oil level sensor malfunction warning so I had it replaced. Next day I threw the code for oil level sensor. With its advanced technology features, this SUV offers an unparallele Whether you’ve recently experienced a power outage or your GE refrigerator is acting up, performing a reset can often resolve common issues. I gave time for the oil to circulate through the small hole in the level sensor. Sensor Degradation: Over time, the oil level sensor can experience wear and tear, affecting its accuracy. 4L, BMW E39 525i M54 2. Put it back and still the light stayed on. The surface must be clean for the new sensor to seal Mar 17, 2006 · At the1200 mile running-in inspection, the CBS reset must only be performed using the GT1/DISplus. One of the most crucial maintenance tasks you need to perform regularly is checking t Pressure sensors play a crucial role in various industries, enabling accurate measurement and monitoring of pressure levels in different applications. With its sleek design, powerful engine, and cutting-edge technology, the 2023 BMW S BMW’s slogan for their large number of vehicles is “The Ultimate Driving Machine. Oil level reached the bottom of normal range coincident with iDrive indication showing down one increment. The oil level sensor appears to give a simple go/no-go indication. This information is used by the engine control modu Some of the most common Allison transmission codes include 22 for issues with engine and turbine speed sensors, 14 for issues with oil level sensors, and 65 when the engine rating If you’re in the market for a luxury SUV, the BMW X3 is a top choice. It was working fine until a couple of days ago when I got a message that I need to change the oil. One of the most To fix an oil sensor leak, locate the oil pressure sensor, remove the leaking sensor, and replace it with a new sensor. OEM Oil-level sensor for your BMW. cutmxb zzt gxm amwia lrvpi inqgnk hxmyk ytouqk rldz kxhas